State - on sale.
State - on sale.
LAST week Michael Kasyanov has declared, that at the state
Excessive quantity of the property, with which management it not
Consults. Therefore the part will be shortly exposed on
The auctions.
DESPITE the privatisation, the largest proprietor in Russia to
This time - the state. It posesses 44 % of economy, or 50
Thousand legal bodies. So at the state remains?
First of all 35 thousand from that 50 are schools, hospital, high schools,
Scientific research institute and the ministries. They do not earn money. State factories
(That live completely on money from the budget and all profit
Lists in treasury) remains only 33. Basically it
"oboronka", carrying out strategic a problem.
Incomes in the budget, on idea, can go from the joint-stock
Societies where the state has a share. Such 4,4 thousand (for 2001
Year the budget as dividends has received 6,5 billion rbl.). However,
Only in 90 state block of shares makes 100 % and more in 650 package more
Half. In the others at the state - a trifle. The second source
State incomes - from the most artful state property, so
The named state unitary enterprises (GUPov). Them in
Russia 9400.
Business from air.
"I to YOU will tell history, - one large official recollects from
The ministries. - Somehow I could not depart from island Crete, where
Spent holiday: a next flight to Moscow only in a day, and
I urgently should get on one meeting. I in despair
I rush about on hotel. And here I approaches to me the neighbour, director GUPa,
Also speaks: "Want, I will bring up you? In an hour will arrive
The plane chartered for me! ".
"GUPy have started to be created in the beginning 90 as the form
Transition period, - Alexander Braverman tells, 1st
The deputy minister of property relations of the Russian Federation. - the state is free
Has passed these structures the property counting upon receipts
From taxes and with a condition that will have the right to apply on
"A certain part of profit". However, on which, the law not
It is registered. From it all complexities ".
Schetnaja the chamber has considered, that in a year the state receives less
From GUPov 100 billion rbl. "the Most awful, that State Unitary Enterprise - commercial
The enterprise, and carries out functions state, - Paul speaks
Kudjukin, the director of the Center of problems of a state administration. - for example,
goskomrybolovstvo has given them the right to supervise vylov fishes and
Sale of quotas. State Unitary Enterprise money puts to itself in a pocket. And one State Unitary Enterprise in
Krasnodar territory earned so: bought the goods in warehouses as
State enterprise under the below cost price, and sold on commercial ".
MTSSEI "Leontyevsky the centre" has compared economic successes
State enterprises and the private companies. Results: on private above
Labour productivity, the average salary is more on 12 %,
Profitability above almost twice. Why so?
The greatest problem at state property - at it is not present
The effective owner. "After all the state operates GUPami through
Contracts with directors, and on a place the director - unique
The owner. He solves, what price to establish, how much production
To buy, - Alexander Braverman speaks. Besides in
State enterprise the investor will not put up money: them in any way
It is impossible to check - the legislative base does not allow.
The director - the owner and the god, and at it is not present aspiration to enclose profit
In manufacture development. On his eyelids that is "will suffice also.
And it is possible to give "national economy" to tenants. Owners
Presidential sanatorium "Dagomys" were engaged in the pure
Fraud: have handed over to the Sochi firms of 14 thousand п 2 in cases and
15,56 hectares of the earth. Under documents money for it paid the ridiculous:
Restaurant "Panorama", for example, for 800 п 2 paid 141 rbl. a year
(For so much in him it was possible to reserve a champagne bottle). That
To believe to such documents, it is necessary to be very naive person.
In the Saratov area State Unitary Enterprise "п п?я я п©п я я п©я п?п " factories have reported about
To the done job: in 2001 they have made 131 million 94 thousand
Alcohol decalitres. But, according to gostorginspektsii, realised
208 million decalitres. "Almost half goes by the account", - sigh
Officials. Under the law on state enterprises a difference between the salary
The director and the working lowest category should not exceed 10-16
Time. According to checks, in practice this difference reaches 100 times,
And salaries of heads - to 10 thousand dollars
The main thing - to sell.
CLEARLY, that from excessive state property it is necessary to get rid. On
To opinion of the government, there is less than property - the control is more effective
And, hence, there are more than incomes. And that copes
Inefficiently, it is necessary to release on "free breads". Should remain
Only that is necessary, basically social yes strategic
Objects.
First of all are going to to sell small (5 - 15 %) packages in
Joint-stock companies. "When the state does not have even blocking
Package, it cannot influence a policy of the company, including
On payment of dividends, - Alexander Braverman speaks. - And if
Among proprietors there are two more groups of shareholders, it
It is compelled to "unite" with somebody from them ".
"In economy of the USA, - Victor Supjan, the expert of Institute speaks
The USA and Canada, - the state is presented only in sphere of services: in
Science, education, public health services, transport, post
Services. The only thing, than owns the state in the industry,
- The atomic power station. But power in States carry not to the industry, and to
To the same sphere of services ".
However, to get rid of excessive state property (part GUPov
And a share in joint-stock company) it is not too simple. GUPy on privatisation to go not
Want, and small packages of joint-stock company are not absolutely liquid. Especially, where
The state block of shares is less than 25 %. Now are going to to sell 426 share holdings
And 150 GUPov. Whether It will be possible to find the buyer? For example, 22,5 % of actions
State "Sobinbank" were exposed on the auctions twice, and all
Uselessly.
Maria KAKTURSKY, Maxim SHLEGEL, Maxim HUTORNOJ.
<$>
//* an information Source: Arguments and the facts, 20.02.02
//* Reg. Nom. - 1120200275.16-------------------------------------------
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